Pantnagar Journal of Research

Abstract

Bone is a dynamic multifunctional organ. Bone development is a lifelong concern. Dietary intake is an important lifestyle factor influencing bone health. Bones undergo a continuous process of formation and break-down. From conception to birth and throughout life, various nutrients significantly impact the process of bone formation and resorption. The process of bone mineralization is regulated by calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and trace elements. Vitamin A promotes the differentiation and maturation of bone cells. Vitamin C and vitamin K are involved in the synthesis of bone matrix proteins. Imbalance of nutrients in the body negatively affects bone health. A healthy diet with an adequate and constant supply of proteins, vitamins, and minerals is required for bone formation and development. Dietary constituents such as essential fatty acids and phytoestrogens are also essential for bone health. Thus, the review thoroughly discusses the role of various nutrients on bone development and metabolism, the influence of their deficiency, and excess on bones. We suggest further exploration to assess appropriate role of trace elements, phytoestrogens, essential fatty acids, vitamin K supplementation, and other non-traditional nutrients on bone health.